The design of the shoulder allows it to be the most mobile joint; however because of this it is inherently unstable. It is formed by the humerus and scapula (shoulder blade) which form a ball and socket joint. This is mainly stabilized by a group of dynamic muscles called the rotator cuff. Any injury or disruption of the coordination of these muscles can lead to further damage to the injury or surrounding structures.
The shoulder is frequently injured as a consequence of sporting and repetitive activities, as well as by wear and tear of the joint. Injuries can occur by; direct impact to the shoulder (either by falling or a tackle), muscle imbalances, wear and tear
Some common shoulder injuries include;
- Rotator cuff tear
- Dislocation
- Instability
- AC joint sprain
- Frozen shoulder
- Nerve entrapment
Treatment for the shoulder can include, but is not limited to; muscle release, joint/neural mobilisation, ultrasound, postural education and prescription of a home exercise program.